Nginx

從2025年5月7日起，Let’s Encrypt 從其證書中移除了OCSP URL，2025年8月6日完全關閉 OCSP 響應器，因此如果之前在 Nginx 配置中啓用了 ssl_stapling就會出現這個警告：

安裝並設置好 Fail2ban 後（可以參考Y Cheung 之前寫的『Fail2ban 配置 Nginx filter』），可以看到在 /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/nginx-badbots.conf 內容如下： 1# /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/nginx-badbots.conf 2# Fail2Ban configuration file 3# 4# Regexp to catch known spambots and software alike. Please verify 5# that it is your intent to block IPs which were driven by 6# above mentioned bots. 7 8[Definition] 9 10badbotscustom = EmailCollector|WebEMailExtrac|TrackBack/1\.02|sogou music spider|(?:Mozilla/\d+\.\d+ )?Jorgee 11 12badbots = Atomic_Email_Hunter/4\.0|atSpider/1\.0|autoemailspider|bwh3_user_agent|China Local Browse 2\.6|ContactBot/0\.2|ContentSmartz|DataCha0s/2\.0|DBrowse 1\.4b|DBrowse 1\.4d|Demo Bot DOT 16b|Demo Bot Z 16b|DSurf15a 01|DSurf15a 71|DSurf15a 81|DSurf15a VA|EBrowse 1\.4b|Educate Search VxB|EmailSiphon|EmailSpider|EmailWolf 1\.00|ESurf15a 15|ExtractorPro|Franklin Locator 1\.8|FSurf15a 01|Full Web Bot 0416B|Full Web Bot 0516B|Full Web Bot 2816B|Guestbook Auto Submitter|Industry Program 1\.0\.x|ISC Systems iRc Search 2\.1|IUPUI Research Bot v 1\.9a|LARBIN-EXPERIMENTAL \(efp@gmx\.net\)|LetsCrawl\.com/1\.0 \+http\://letscrawl\.com/|Lincoln State Web Browser|LMQueueBot/0\.2|LWP\:\:Simple/5\.803|Mac Finder 1\.0\.xx|MFC Foundation Class Library 4\.0|Microsoft URL Control - 6\.00\.8xxx|Missauga Locate 1\.0\.0|Missigua Locator 1\.9|Missouri College Browse|Mizzu Labs 2\.2|Mo College 1\.9|MVAClient|Mozilla/2\.0 \(compatible; NEWT ActiveX; Win32\)|Mozilla/3\.0 \(compatible; Indy Library\)|Mozilla/3\.0 \(compatible; scan4mail \(advanced version\) http\://www\.peterspages\.net/?scan4mail\)|Mozilla/4\.0 \(compatible; Advanced Email Extractor v2\.xx\)|Mozilla/4\.0 \(compatible; Iplexx Spider/1\.0 http\://www\.iplexx\.at\)|Mozilla/4\.0 \(compatible; MSIE 5\.0; Windows NT; DigExt; DTS Agent|Mozilla/4\.0 efp@gmx\.net|Mozilla/5\.0 \(Version\: xxxx Type\:xx\)|NameOfAgent \(CMS Spider\)|NASA Search 1\.0|Nsauditor/1\.x|PBrowse 1\.4b|PEval 1\.4b|Poirot|Port Huron Labs|Production Bot 0116B|Production Bot 2016B|Production Bot DOT 3016B|Program Shareware 1\.0\.2|PSurf15a 11|PSurf15a 51|PSurf15a VA|psycheclone|RSurf15a 41|RSurf15a 51|RSurf15a 81|searchbot admin@google\.com|ShablastBot 1\.0|snap\.com beta crawler v0|Snapbot/1\.0|Snapbot/1\.0 \(Snap Shots&#44; \+http\://www\.snap\.com\)|sogou develop spider|Sogou Orion spider/3\.0\(\+http\://www\.sogou\.com/docs/help/webmasters\.htm#07\)|sogou spider|Sogou web spider/3\.0\(\+http\://www\.sogou\.com/docs/help/webmasters\.htm#07\)|sohu agent|SSurf15a 11 |TSurf15a 11|Under the Rainbow 2\.2|User-Agent\: Mozilla/4\.0 \(compatible; MSIE 6\.0; Windows NT 5\.1\)|VadixBot|WebVulnCrawl\.unknown/1\.0 libwww-perl/5\.803|Wells Search II|WEP Search 00 13 14failregex = ^<HOST> -.*"(GET|POST|HEAD).*HTTP.*"(?:%(badbots)s|%(badbotscustom)s)"$ 15 16ignoreregex = 17 18datepattern = {^LN-BEG}%%ExY(?P<_sep>[-/.])%%m(?P=_sep)%%d[T ]%%H:%%M:%%S(?:[.,]%%f)?(?:\s*%%z)? 19 ^[^\[]*\[({DATE}) 20 {^LN-BEG} 21 22# DEV Notes: 23# List of bad bots fetched from http://www.user-agents.org 24# Generated on Thu Nov 7 14:23:35 PST 2013 by files/gen_badbots. 25# 26# Author: Yaroslav Halchenko 如果沒有找到這個文件，請新建一個，或者將 apache-badbots.conf 拷貝並重命名。

簡要紀錄一下目前服務器上的 fail2ban 關於 nginx 的 filter 配置。 惡意爬蟲過濾器 # 1# /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/nginx-badbots.conf 2[Definition] 3 4badbotscustom = Sogou web spider|DotBot|AhrefsBot|Baiduspider|PetalBot|WOW64|Daum|Barkrowler|360Spider|Buck|Photon|SEOkicks|magpie-crawler|SemrushBot|SeznamBot|MJ12bot|EmailCollector|WebEMailExtrac|TrackBack/1\.02|sogou music spider|(?:Mozilla/\d+\.\d+ )?Jorgee 5 6badbots = Atomic_Email_Hunter/4\.0|atSpider/1\.0|autoemailspider|bwh3_user_agent|China Local Browse 2\.6|ContactBot/0\.2|ContentSmartz|DataCha0s/2\.0|DBrowse 1\.4b|DBrowse 1\.4d|Demo Bot DOT 16b|Demo Bot Z 16b|DSurf15a 01|DSurf15a 71|DSurf15a 81|DSurf15a VA|EBrowse 1\.4b|Educate Search VxB|EmailSiphon|EmailSpider|EmailWolf 1\.00|ESurf15a 15|ExtractorPro|Franklin Locator 1\.8|FSurf15a 01|Full Web Bot 0416B|Full Web Bot 0516B|Full Web Bot 2816B|Guestbook Auto Submitter|Industry Program 1\.0\.x|ISC Systems iRc Search 2\.1|IUPUI Research Bot v 1\.9a|LARBIN-EXPERIMENTAL \(efp@gmx\.net\)|LetsCrawl\.com/1\.0 \+http\://letscrawl\.com/|Lincoln State Web Browser|LMQueueBot/0\.2|LWP\:\:Simple/5\.803|Mac Finder 1\.0\.xx|MFC Foundation Class Library 4\.0|Microsoft URL Control - 6\.00\.8xxx|Missauga Locate 1\.0\.0|Missigua Locator 1\.9|Missouri College Browse|Mizzu Labs 2\.2|Mo College 1\.9|MVAClient|Mozilla/2\.0 \(compatible; NEWT ActiveX; Win32\)|Mozilla/3\.0 \(compatible; Indy Library\)|Mozilla/3\.0 \(compatible; scan4mail \(advanced version\) http\://www\.peterspages\.net/?scan4mail\)|Mozilla/4\.0 \(compatible; Advanced Email Extractor v2\.xx\)|Mozilla/4\.0 \(compatible; Iplexx Spider/1\.0 http\://www\.iplexx\.at\)|Mozilla/4\.0 \(compatible; MSIE 5\.0; Windows NT; DigExt; DTS Agent|Mozilla/4\.0 efp@gmx\.net|Mozilla/5\.0 \(Version\: xxxx Type\:xx\)|NameOfAgent \(CMS Spider\)|NASA Search 1\.0|Nsauditor/1\.x|PBrowse 1\.4b|PEval 1\.4b|Poirot|Port Huron Labs|Production Bot 0116B|Production Bot 2016B|Production Bot DOT 3016B|Program Shareware 1\.0\.2|PSurf15a 11|PSurf15a 51|PSurf15a VA|psycheclone|RSurf15a 41|RSurf15a 51|RSurf15a 81|searchbot admin@google\.com|ShablastBot 1\.0|snap\.com beta crawler v0|Snapbot/1\.0|Snapbot/1\.0 \(Snap Shots&#44; \+http\://www\.snap\.com\)|sogou develop spider|Sogou Orion spider/3\.0\(\+http\://www\.sogou\.com/docs/help/webmasters\.htm#07\)|sogou spider|Sogou web spider/3\.0\(\+http\://www\.sogou\.com/docs/help/webmasters\.htm#07\)|sohu agent|SSurf15a 11 |TSurf15a 11|Under the Rainbow 2\.2|User-Agent\: Mozilla/4\.0 \(compatible; MSIE 6\.0; Windows NT 5\.1\)|VadixBot|WebVulnCrawl\.unknown/1\.0 libwww-perl/5\.803|Wells Search II|WEP Search 00 7 8failregex = ^<HOST> -.*"(GET|POST|HEAD).*HTTP.*"*(?:%(badbots)s|%(badbotscustom)s).*"$ 9 10ignoreregex = 11 12datepattern = {^LN-BEG}%%ExY(?P<_sep>[-/.])%%m(?P=_sep)%%d[T ]%%H:%%M:%%S(?:[.,]%%f)?(?:\s*%%z)? 13 ^[^\[]*\[({DATE}) 14 {^LN-BEG} 15 16/etc/fail2ban/filter.d/nginx-badbots.conf 自定義規則 # 1# /etc/fail2ban/filter.d/nginx-custom.conf 2[Definition] 3failregex = ^<HOST> \- \S+ \[\] \"(GET|POST|HEAD) .+XDEBUG.+$ 4 ^<HOST> \- \S+ \[\] \"(GET|POST|HEAD) .+GponForm.+$ 5 ^<HOST> \- \S+ \[\] \"(GET|POST|HEAD) .+phpunit.+$ 6 ^<HOST> \- \S+ \[\] \"(GET|POST|HEAD) .+ajax-index\.php .+$ 7 ^<HOST> \- \S+ \[\] \"(GET|POST|HEAD) .+sellers\.json .+$ 8 ^<HOST> \- \S+ \[\] \"(GET|POST|HEAD) .+adminer\.php .+$ 9 ^<HOST> \- \S+ \[\] \"(GET|POST|HEAD) .+wp-configuration\.php.+$ 10 ^<HOST> \- \S+ \[\] \"(GET|POST|HEAD) .+ThinkPHP.+$ 11 ^<HOST> \- \S+ \[\] \"(GET|POST|HEAD) .+wp-config.+$ 12 ^<HOST> \- \S+ \[\] \"(GET|POST|HEAD) .+dede\/login\.php .+$ 13 ^<HOST> \- \S+ \[\] \"(GET|POST|HEAD) .+plus\/recommend\.php .+$ 14 ^<HOST> \- \S+ \[\] \"(GET|POST|HEAD) .+e\/install\/index.php .+$ 15 ^<HOST> \- \S+ \[\] \"(GET|POST|HEAD) .+m\/e\/install\/index\.php .+$ 16 ^<HOST> \- \S+ \[\] \"(GET|POST|HEAD) .+e_bak\/install\/index.php .+$ 17 ^<HOST> \- \S+ \[\] \"(GET|POST|HEAD) .+\.aspx .+$ 18 ^<HOST> \- \S+ \[\] \"(GET|POST|HEAD) .+\.act .+$ 19 ^<HOST>.*] "(GET|POST|HEAD) .*xmlrpc\.php.* 20 ^<HOST> -.*"(GET|POST|HEAD).*HTTP\/1\.1.*"*.Mozilla/5\.0 \(Windows NT 6\.1\; rv\:60\.0\) Gecko\/20100101 Firefox\/60\.0.*"$ 21 ^<HOST> -.*"(GET|POST|HEAD).*HTTP\/1\.1.*"*.Photon.*"$ 22 ^<HOST> -.*"(GET|POST|HEAD).*HTTP\/1\.1.*"*.Mozilla\/5\.0 zgrab\/0\.x.*"$ 23 ^<HOST> -.*"(GET|POST|HEAD).*HTTP\/1\.1.*"*.XTC.*"$ 24 ^<HOST> -.*"(GET|POST|HEAD).*HTTP\/1\.1.*"*.python-requests.*"$ 25 ^<HOST> -.*"(GET|POST|HEAD).*HTTP\/1\.1.*"*.bidswitchbot.*"$ 26 ^<HOST> -.*"(GET|POST|HEAD).*HTTP\/1\.1.*"*.Google-adstxt.*"$ 27 ^<HOST> -.*"(GET|POST|HEAD).*HTTP\/1\.1.*"*.Apache-HttpClient.*"$ 28 ^<HOST>.*] "POST .*HTTP\/1\.1.* 29 ^<HOST> -.*"(GET|POST|HEAD).*HTTP\/1\.1.*"*.Go-http-client\/1\.1.*"$ 30 ^<HOST> .* ".*\\x.*" .*$ 31 ^<HOST> -.*"(GET|POST|HEAD) .+wp-login\.php .*HTTP\/1\.1.* 32 ^<HOST> -.*"(GET|POST|HEAD) .*wp-includes/wlwmanifest.xml .*HTTP\/1\.1.* 33ignoreregex = ^<HOST>.*] "POST /xmlrpc\.php\?for=jetpack.* 34 ^<HOST>.*] "POST /wp-cron\.php\?doing_wp_cron=.* 35datepattern = {^LN-BEG}%%ExY(?P<_sep>[-/.])%%m(?P=_sep)%%d[T ]%%H:%%M:%%S(?:[.,]%%f)?(?:\s*%%z)? 36 ^[^\[]*\[({DATE}) 37 {^LN-BEG} 簡要說明一下：