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船舶:船舶是指船和其他海上移动式装置,但是用于军事、政府公务的船舶和20总吨位以下的小型船艇除外。船舶包括船舶属具。
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光船租赁合同:光船租赁合同是指船舶出租人向承租人提供不配备船员的船舶,在约定的期间内由承租人占有、使用和营运,并向出租人支付租金的合同。
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海上拖航合同:是指承拖方用拖轮将被拖物经海路从一地拖至另一地,而由被拖方支付拖航费的合同,其当事人为承拖方和被拖方。
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航次租船合同:航次租船合同是指船舶出租人向承租人提供船舶或者船舶的部分舱位,装运约定的货物,从一港运至另一港,由承租人支付约定运费的合同。
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单独海损:单独海损是指自然灾害、意外事故或其他特殊情况直接造成的船舶或货物的损失。
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海事诉讼:海事诉讼是指有管辖权的海事法院在海事纠纷双方当事人及其他诉讼参与人参加下,依法对案件进行审理并通过作出判决的方式解决纠纷的制度。
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提单:提单是指用以证明海上货物运输合同和货物已经由承运人接收或者装船,以及承运人保证据以交付货物的单证。
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共同海损:共同海损是指在同一海上航程中,船舶、货物和其他财产遭遇共同危险时,为了共同的安全而有意、合理地采取措施所直接造成的特殊牺牲和支付的特殊费用 , 由各受益方按比例分摊的法律制度。
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船舶航行权:船舶航行权是指船舶在海洋上航行的权利。船舶在一国进行登记取得国籍证书后,就可悬挂该国国旗在海上航行。
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海上保险委付制度:海上保险委付制度是指在发生保险事故造成保险标的推定全损时,被保险人明确表示将该保险标的的一切权利转移给保险人,而有权请求保险人赔偿全部保险金额。
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船员:船员是指包括船长在内的船上一切任职人员,船长与船员都是持有相应证书并受船舶所有人、经营人或光船承租人所聘用或所雇用而在船上任职的人员。
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船舶留置权:船舶留置权是指造船人、修船人在合同的另一方未履行合同时,可以留置所占有的船舶,以保证造船费用和修船费用得以偿还的权利。
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船舶碰撞:船舶碰撞是指船舶在海上或者与海相通的可航水域发生接触造成损害的事故。
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海事仲裁:海事仲裁是指海事纠纷当事人根据事前或事后订立的仲裁协议(条款),将纠纷交由约定的仲裁机构进行裁决的制度。
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委付:委付是指在发生保险事故造成保险标的推定全损时,被保险人明确表示将该保险标的的一切权利转移给保险人,而有权请求保险人赔偿全部保险金额。
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推定全损:推定全损是指保险标的在保险事故发生后,受损程度虽未完全损毁,但已无法补救,故按照全部损失处理的情况。
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海事调解:海事调解是指在中立的第三方主持下解决海事当事人纠纷的方法。调解相对于和解引入了中立的调解人,便于保证公证,又保留了当事人较大的意识自治空间和灵活、经济的特点,一直是我国解决民事纠纷的传统方式。
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海难救助:海难救助是指在海上或与海相通的可航水域,对遇险的船舶和其他财产进行的救助。
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海上旅客运输合同:海上旅客运输合同是指承运人以适合运送旅客的船舶经海路将旅客及其行李从一港运送至另一港,由旅客支付票款的合同。在海上运输中所谓的“客船”即专指载客在12人以上并领有有关客船证书的船舶。
海商法 名词解释
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国际货物买卖合同成立的案例
案情介绍 # 德国建筑商A于1993年8月底与美国生产商B联系,要求美国生产商B向其报4万吨钢缆的价格,并明确告诉美国生产商B,此次报价是为了计算向某项工程的投标,投标将于同年10月1日开始进行,10月10日便可得知投标结果。同年9月10日,美国生产商B向德国建筑商A发出正式要约,要约中条件完整,但要约中既没有规定承诺期限,也没有注明要约是不可撤销的。同年9月中旬起,国际市场钢缆的价格猛涨,在此种情况下,美国生产商B于10月2日向德国建筑商A发出撤销其9月10日要约的传真。同年10月10日,当德国建筑商A得知自己已中标的消息后,仍立即向美国生产商B发去传真,对9月10日的要约表示承诺。此后,美国生产商B争辩他已于10月2日撤销了要约,因此合同不能成立。双方就合同是否有效成立发生了纠纷。
国际商事合同笔记 第二章Part9
30. NOTICE
All notices, including daily communications, to be given to either party shall be given to the following addresses by mail, e-mail or facsimile. Important notices, in which rights and/or obligations of either party are involved shall be given by registered mail, and such notices shall be deemed to have been valid seven (7) days after their dispatch. Either party may change its address by giving prior notice to the other party, delivered in the same manner set forth hereinabove. For the Buyer :(买方地址:)
国际商事合同笔记 第二章Part8
17. PERFORMANCE BOND, WARRANTY BOND AND REFUND BOND **(**履约保证金、质量保证金和预付款保证金)
17.1 Performance Bond(履约保函)
In order to assure the Buyer that the Seller’s obligations under the Contract shall be performed and fulfilled, the Seller shall establish a Performance Bond in the amount of ten percent (10%) of the Contract Price, which shall be maintained from the Effective Date of the Contract to the date plus two (2) months from the last delivery date of the Equipment in the form of an absolute and unconditional bank guarantee to be issued by a first-class bank or any other type of guarantee acceptable to the Buyer and in favor of the Buyer and to be advised to the Buyer as specified in Article 30 hereof through a prime bank or to be directly mailed to the Buyer. The Performance Bond shall be payable on demand and unconditionally at the Buyer’s request for payment which comprises an invoice and the Buyer’s simple statement that the Seller has failed to comply with any term and condition set forth in the Contract. The Buyer shall be entitled to withdraw corresponding amounts out of the Performance Bond in the event that the Seller defaults on its obligations under the Contract.
国际商事合同笔记 第二章Part7保证
16. WARRANTIES**(**保证)
16.1 The Seller shall warrant that all the Equipment supplied by the Seller shall, except for normal wear and tear, be new and free from defects, be of first class workmanship and materials and show no defects due to faulty design, materials or workmanship under normal operating conditions.
卖方应保证,除正常磨损外,由卖方提供的所有设备均应为全新而无缺陷的,是以第一流的工艺和材料制造的,在正常使用情况下不会因错误的设计或不良的材料或工艺而引起损坏。
国际商事合同笔记 第二章Part6损失的清算
15. LIQUIDATED DAMAGES**(**损失的清算)
15.1 Liquidated Damages for Delayed Delivery(延迟交货的违约赔偿金)
In case there is a delay in the delivery of the Equipment beyond the date of delivery specified in the Contract due to reasons attributable to the Seller, the Buyer is entitled to claim liquidated damages per day of delay in an amount equivalent to one tenth of one percent (0.1%) of the contract amount including V.A.T. of the Unit of Supply to which the delayed Equipment Such liquidated damages shall not exceed five percent (5%) of the contract amount including V.A.T.
国际商事合同笔记 第二章Part5合同价格与付款条件
4. CONTRACT PRICE AND PAYMENT TERMS**(**合同价格与付款条件)
4.1 The Contract Price is made on a fixed price basis and consists of the prices for all the supplies and services in the Article 3.1 hereof. However, the Contract Price is subject to any valid adjustments made through the application of the relevant provisions in the Contract.